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Nutrient table · IFCT 2017 · ICMR-NIN 2020

Niacin (vitamin B3) content of Indian foods

Per 100 g, peanuts are the richest niacin source in IFCT 2017 at 11.35 mg, well ahead of broiler chicken at 8.06 mg. Garden cress seeds give 5.67 mg, milk fish 5.21 mg, mutton 5.14 mg and tuna 4.73 mg. For comparison, an adult man needs 18 mg of niacin a day and a woman 14 mg, according to ICMR-NIN 2020.

01The nutrient

What niacin (vitamin b3) does, and where Indian diets stand

Niacin, vitamin B3, is part of two coenzymes used in hundreds of reactions that release energy from food and repair cells. The body can also make some niacin from tryptophan, an amino acid found in protein, so a diet with enough protein helps cover the need.

Severe niacin deficiency causes pellagra, remembered by its signs of dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia. In India it was once seen in parts of the Deccan where jowar was the staple, and among people who lived mainly on maize, whose niacin stays tightly bound unless the grain is treated with lime. Today it appears mainly with heavy alcohol use, very poor diets and some medical conditions.

This table ranks the 242 foods in IFCT 2017 with a niacin value, per 100 g. Peanuts lead the whole list. Poultry, mutton, lamb, pork and fish make up most of the rest, alongside garden cress seeds, mustard seeds, almond and dried oyster mushroom. Among grains, barley, maize and whole wheat carry the most.

02The full table

All 242 foods ranked by niacin (vitamin b3)

Per 100 g of the edible portion, highest first. The last two columns show the share of an adult's daily need that 100 g covers.

Indian foods ranked by niacin (vitamin b3) per 100 g
RankFoodGroupPer 100 gMan's daily needWoman's daily need
1Peanuts (groundnut)Nuts and oilseeds11.35 mg63%81%
2Chicken (broiler)Meat, poultry and eggs8.06 mg45%58%
3Garden cress seeds (halim)Nuts and oilseeds5.67 mg32%41%
4Milk fishFish and seafood5.21 mg29%37%
5Goat meat (mutton)Meat, poultry and eggs5.14 mg29%37%
6TurkeyMeat, poultry and eggs4.92 mg27%35%
7TunaFish and seafood4.73 mg26%34%
8QuailMeat, poultry and eggs4.69 mg26%34%
9Sheep meat (lamb)Meat, poultry and eggs4.53 mg25%32%
10SalmonFish and seafood4.45 mg25%32%
11Chicken liver and gizzardMeat, poultry and eggs4.44 mg25%32%
12RabbitMeat, poultry and eggs4.38 mg24%31%
13PorkMeat, poultry and eggs4.22 mg23%30%
14Mustard seedsNuts and oilseeds3.8 mg21%27%
15Oyster mushroom (dried)Vegetables and mushrooms3.77 mg21%27%
16AlmondNuts and oilseeds3.71 mg21%27%
17Guinea fowlMeat, poultry and eggs3.64 mg20%26%
18Pine nuts (chilgoza)Nuts and oilseeds3.52 mg20%25%
19Seer fish (vanjaram)Fish and seafood3.46 mg19%25%
20PigeonMeat, poultry and eggs3.45 mg19%25%
21EmuMeat, poultry and eggs3.26 mg18%23%
22Queen fishFish and seafood3.24 mg18%23%
23Red snapperFish and seafood3.14 mg17%22%
24Sesame seeds (til)Nuts and oilseeds3.12 mg17%22%
25Black snapperFish and seafood2.89 mg16%21%
26Cumin seedsSpices, herbs and condiments2.87 mg16%21%
27Hilsa (ilish)Fish and seafood2.85 mg16%20%
28BarleyCereals and millets2.84 mg16%20%
29Dried peasPulses and legumes2.69 mg15%19%
30Maize (corn)Cereals and millets2.69 mg15%19%
31SharkFish and seafood2.68 mg15%19%
32Wheat (whole, suji and dalia)Cereals and millets2.68 mg15%19%
33MackerelFish and seafood2.67 mg15%19%
34PomfretFish and seafood2.61 mg14%19%
35Whole masoor (lentil)Pulses and legumes2.54 mg14%18%
36MulletFish and seafood2.52 mg14%18%
37Country chicken (desi)Meat, poultry and eggs2.44 mg14%17%
38Rajma (red kidney beans)Pulses and legumes2.42 mg13%17%
39MathaFish and seafood2.37 mg13%17%
40Wheat flour (atta and maida)Cereals and millets2.37 mg13%17%
41RohuFish and seafood2.33 mg13%17%
42Rice beanPulses and legumes2.32 mg13%17%
43Freshwater EelFish and seafood2.3 mg13%16%
44DuckMeat, poultry and eggs2.24 mg12%16%
45KalavaFish and seafood2.24 mg12%16%
46CatlaFish and seafood2.21 mg12%16%
47Tender red gram (fresh toor)Vegetables and mushrooms2.14 mg12%15%
48Soya beanPulses and legumes2.12 mg12%15%
49Jowar (sorghum)Cereals and millets2.1 mg12%15%
50Red gram (toor or arhar)Pulses and legumes2.09 mg12%15%
51Shiitake mushroomVegetables and mushrooms1.92 mg11%14%
52Parrot fishFish and seafood1.89 mg11%13%
53Field bean (dry)Pulses and legumes1.88 mg10%13%
54Bengal gram (chana)Pulses and legumes1.87 mg10%13%
55Moth bean (matki)Pulses and legumes1.87 mg10%13%
56Puffed rice (murmura)Cereals and millets1.87 mg10%13%
57Silver carpFish and seafood1.87 mg10%13%
58Green gram (moong)Pulses and legumes1.84 mg10%13%
59Moon fishFish and seafood1.83 mg10%13%
60Horse gram (kulthi)Pulses and legumes1.82 mg10%13%
61Masoor dal (red lentil)Pulses and legumes1.81 mg10%13%
62ChembaliFish and seafood1.8 mg10%13%
63Black gram (urad)Pulses and legumes1.76 mg10%13%
64CatfishFish and seafood1.74 mg10%12%
65QuinoaCereals and millets1.7 mg9%12%
66RiceCereals and millets1.69 mg9%12%
67Apricot (dried and processed)Fruits1.66 mg9%12%
68CrabFish and seafood1.66 mg9%12%
69Cowpea (lobia)Pulses and legumes1.64 mg9%12%
70Poha (rice flakes)Cereals and millets1.6 mg9%11%
71Sunflower seedsNuts and oilseeds1.6 mg9%11%
72TamarindFruits1.56 mg9%11%
73Turmeric powderSpices, herbs and condiments1.55 mg9%11%
74Bhetki (barramundi)Fish and seafood1.54 mg9%11%
75Pumpkin leavesGreen leafy vegetables1.49 mg8%11%
76Varagu milletCereals and millets1.49 mg8%11%
77DatesFruits1.47 mg8%11%
78Chicken mushroomVegetables and mushrooms1.45 mg8%10%
79TilapiaFish and seafood1.4 mg8%10%
80Ragi (finger millet)Cereals and millets1.34 mg7%10%
81RaniFish and seafood1.33 mg7%10%
82PrawnsFish and seafood1.31 mg7%9%
83Samai (little millet)Cereals and millets1.29 mg7%9%
84Green peas (fresh)Vegetables and mushrooms1.28 mg7%9%
85PangasFish and seafood1.28 mg7%9%
86SilanFish and seafood1.27 mg7%9%
87Ajwain (carom seeds)Spices, herbs and condiments1.23 mg7%9%
88Coriander seedsSpices, herbs and condiments1.2 mg7%9%
89Garden cress leavesGreen leafy vegetables1.2 mg7%9%
90Fenugreek seeds (methi dana)Spices, herbs and condiments1.19 mg7%9%
91Agathi leavesGreen leafy vegetables1.18 mg7%8%
92OctopusFish and seafood1.18 mg7%8%
93ClovesSpices, herbs and condiments1.15 mg6%8%
94Karimeen (pearl spot)Fish and seafood1.15 mg6%8%
95Niger seedsNuts and oilseeds1.14 mg6%8%
96CardamomSpices, herbs and condiments1.13 mg6%8%
97Safflower seedsNuts and oilseeds1.12 mg6%8%
98Flaxseeds (alsi)Nuts and oilseeds1.09 mg6%8%
99Pippali (long pepper)Spices, herbs and condiments1.06 mg6%8%
100PotatoRoots and tubers1.04 mg6%7%
101SquidFish and seafood1.04 mg6%7%
102Cashew nutNuts and oilseeds1.03 mg6%7%
103Tiger prawnsFish and seafood1.03 mg6%7%
104ZucchiniVegetables and mushrooms1.03 mg6%7%
105ClamFish and seafood0.96 mg5%7%
106MaceSpices, herbs and condiments0.92 mg5%7%
107AnchovyFish and seafood0.91 mg5%7%
108SardineFish and seafood0.91 mg5%7%
109AvocadoFruits0.9 mg5%6%
110Bajra (pearl millet)Cereals and millets0.86 mg5%6%
111Knol-khol leavesGreen leafy vegetables0.86 mg5%6%
112PistachioNuts and oilseeds0.86 mg5%6%
113WalnutNuts and oilseeds0.86 mg5%6%
114Black pepperSpices, herbs and condiments0.85 mg5%6%
115Curry leavesSpices, herbs and condiments0.85 mg5%6%
116SoursopFruits0.85 mg5%6%
117French beansVegetables and mushrooms0.83 mg5%6%
118Drumstick leaves (moringa)Green leafy vegetables0.82 mg5%6%
119Chillies (green and red)Spices, herbs and condiments0.8 mg4%6%
120Colocasia leaves (arbi patta)Green leafy vegetables0.8 mg4%6%
121Tamarind leavesGreen leafy vegetables0.79 mg4%6%
122Poppy seedsSpices, herbs and condiments0.77 mg4%6%
123Broad beansVegetables and mushrooms0.76 mg4%5%
124Mint leavesSpices, herbs and condiments0.74 mg4%5%
125Water ChestnutRoots and tubers0.74 mg4%5%
126Coriander leavesSpices, herbs and condiments0.73 mg4%5%
127Amaranth leaves (chaulai)Green leafy vegetables0.71 mg4%5%
128Cluster beans (gawar)Vegetables and mushrooms0.71 mg4%5%
129CoconutNuts and oilseeds0.71 mg4%5%
130OysterFish and seafood0.71 mg4%5%
131Fenugreek leaves (methi)Green leafy vegetables0.7 mg4%5%
132Custard apple (sitaphal)Fruits0.69 mg4%5%
133Button mushroomVegetables and mushrooms0.68 mg4%5%
134Pointed gourd (parwal)Vegetables and mushrooms0.67 mg4%5%
135Sweet potatoRoots and tubers0.67 mg4%5%
136Pak Choi leavesGreen leafy vegetables0.66 mg4%5%
137Bombay duckFish and seafood0.64 mg4%5%
138Amaranth spinosusGreen leafy vegetables0.63 mg4%5%
139LobsterFish and seafood0.63 mg4%5%
140Drumstick (moringa pods)Vegetables and mushrooms0.62 mg3%4%
141Okra (bhindi)Vegetables and mushrooms0.61 mg3%4%
142Yam (suran)Roots and tubers0.61 mg3%4%
143GuavaFruits0.6 mg3%4%
144Mud crabFish and seafood0.6 mg3%4%
145Gongura (gogu) leavesGreen leafy vegetables0.58 mg3%4%
146MangosteenFruits0.58 mg3%4%
147Mustard leaves (sarson)Green leafy vegetables0.58 mg3%4%
148CapsicumVegetables and mushrooms0.56 mg3%4%
149Tinda (round gourd)Vegetables and mushrooms0.56 mg3%4%
150Ivy gourd (kundru)Vegetables and mushrooms0.55 mg3%4%
151Wood apple (kaitha)Fruits0.55 mg3%4%
152Bathua leavesGreen leafy vegetables0.54 mg3%4%
153Baby cornVegetables and mushrooms0.53 mg3%4%
154Brinjal (baingan)Vegetables and mushrooms0.53 mg3%4%
155Scarlet runner beanVegetables and mushrooms0.52 mg3%4%
156TomatoVegetables and mushrooms0.52 mg3%4%
157Colocasia root (arbi)Roots and tubers0.51 mg3%4%
158NutmegSpices, herbs and condiments0.51 mg3%4%
159Brussels sproutsGreen leafy vegetables0.5 mg3%4%
160Celery stalkVegetables and mushrooms0.48 mg3%3%
161RaisinsFruits0.48 mg3%3%
162StrawberryFruits0.48 mg3%3%
163BananaFruits0.47 mg3%3%
164Radish leavesGreen leafy vegetables0.47 mg3%3%
165Sole fishFish and seafood0.47 mg3%3%
166Basella leavesGreen leafy vegetables0.46 mg3%3%
167Amaranth seed (rajgira)Cereals and millets0.45 mg3%3%
168Betel leavesGreen leafy vegetables0.45 mg3%3%
169Mango ginger (amba haldi)Spices, herbs and condiments0.45 mg3%3%
170Tapioca (cassava)Roots and tubers0.45 mg3%3%
171PlumFruits0.44 mg2%3%
172PumpkinVegetables and mushrooms0.44 mg2%3%
173Asafoetida (hing)Spices, herbs and condiments0.43 mg2%3%
174Beet greensGreen leafy vegetables0.43 mg2%3%
175Khoa (mawa)Milk and dairy0.43 mg2%3%
176Lotus root (kamal kakdi)Roots and tubers0.43 mg2%3%
177GingerSpices, herbs and condiments0.42 mg2%3%
178Jackfruit (ripe)Fruits0.42 mg2%3%
179MuskmelonFruits0.41 mg2%3%
180Black berryFruits0.4 mg2%3%
181Manila tamarind (jungle jalebi)Fruits0.4 mg2%3%
182PhalsaFruits0.4 mg2%3%
183GarlicSpices, herbs and condiments0.38 mg2%3%
184Knol-khol (kohlrabi)Vegetables and mushrooms0.37 mg2%3%
185ParsleyGreen leafy vegetables0.36 mg2%3%
186CucumberVegetables and mushrooms0.35 mg2%3%
187CurrantsFruits0.35 mg2%3%
188OnionSpices, herbs and condiments0.34 mg2%2%
189Snake gourdVegetables and mushrooms0.34 mg2%2%
190Star fruitFruits0.34 mg2%2%
191Ber (Indian jujube)Fruits0.33 mg2%2%
192PapayaFruits0.33 mg2%2%
193Plantain (raw banana)Vegetables and mushrooms0.33 mg2%2%
194Rumex leavesGreen leafy vegetables0.33 mg2%2%
195SpinachGreen leafy vegetables0.33 mg2%2%
196Field beans (fresh pods)Vegetables and mushrooms0.32 mg2%2%
197PonnaganniGreen leafy vegetables0.32 mg2%2%
198CauliflowerVegetables and mushrooms0.31 mg2%2%
199RadishRoots and tubers0.31 mg2%2%
200PeachFruits0.29 mg2%2%
201OrangeFruits0.28 mg2%2%
202WatermelonFruits0.28 mg2%2%
203Bitter gourd (karela)Vegetables and mushrooms0.27 mg2%2%
204FigFruits0.27 mg2%2%
205MangoFruits0.26 mg1%2%
206RambutanFruits0.26 mg1%2%
207Raw mangoVegetables and mushrooms0.26 mg1%2%
208AppleFruits0.25 mg1%2%
209BaelFruits0.25 mg1%2%
210Bamboo shootVegetables and mushrooms0.25 mg1%2%
211KarondaFruits0.25 mg1%2%
212CabbageGreen leafy vegetables0.24 mg1%2%
213Chikoo (sapota)Fruits0.24 mg1%2%
214Chow chow (chayote)Vegetables and mushrooms0.23 mg1%2%
215LitchiFruits0.23 mg1%2%
216PomeloFruits0.23 mg1%2%
217CarrotRoots and tubers0.22 mg1%2%
218Beet rootRoots and tubers0.21 mg1%2%
219Cauliflower leavesGreen leafy vegetables0.21 mg1%2%
220PomegranateFruits0.2 mg1%1%
221Ridge gourd (turai)Vegetables and mushrooms0.2 mg1%1%
222CherriesFruits0.19 mg1%1%
223Raw jackfruitVegetables and mushrooms0.19 mg1%1%
224LettuceGreen leafy vegetables0.17 mg1%1%
225Sweet lime (mosambi)Fruits0.17 mg1%1%
226Colocasia stemVegetables and mushrooms0.16 mg1%1%
227Bottle gourd (lauki)Vegetables and mushrooms0.14 mg1%1%
228GrapesFruits0.14 mg1%1%
229JamunFruits0.14 mg1%1%
230Spring onionVegetables and mushrooms0.14 mg1%1%
231SugarcaneSugars and natural drinks0.14 mg1%1%
232PaneerMilk and dairy0.13 mg1%1%
233PearFruits0.13 mg1%1%
234Amla (Indian gooseberry)Fruits0.12 mg1%1%
235Ash gourd (petha)Vegetables and mushrooms0.12 mg1%1%
236PineappleFruits0.12 mg1%1%
237Raw papayaVegetables and mushrooms0.12 mg1%1%
238EggMeat, poultry and eggs0.11 mg1%1%
239Lemon (juice)Fruits0.1 mg1%1%
240MilkMilk and dairy0.08 mg0%1%
241Coconut waterSugars and natural drinks0.04 mg0%0%
242JaggerySugars and natural drinks0.02 mg0%0%

Values per 100 g of the edible portion. Source: Longvah T, Ananthan R, Bhaskarachary K, Venkaiah K. Indian Food Composition Tables 2017. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad. Daily needs: ICMR-NIN 2020 recommended dietary allowances for a 65 kg man and a 55 kg woman doing sedentary work (brief note).

Cite this page

NNWA Nutrition and Wellness Academy. Niacin (vitamin B3) content of Indian foods. Data: Indian Food Composition Tables 2017, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition. https://nnwa.in/foods/nutrients/niacin/

03Vegetarian sources

The top vegetarian sources of niacin (vitamin b3)

Top vegetarian sources of niacin (vitamin b3) per 100 g
FoodGroupPer 100 g
Peanuts (groundnut)Nuts and oilseeds11.35 mg
Garden cress seeds (halim)Nuts and oilseeds5.67 mg
Mustard seedsNuts and oilseeds3.8 mg
Oyster mushroom (dried)Vegetables and mushrooms3.77 mg
AlmondNuts and oilseeds3.71 mg
Pine nuts (chilgoza)Nuts and oilseeds3.52 mg
Sesame seeds (til)Nuts and oilseeds3.12 mg
Cumin seedsSpices, herbs and condiments2.87 mg
BarleyCereals and millets2.84 mg
Dried peasPulses and legumes2.69 mg
Maize (corn)Cereals and millets2.69 mg
Wheat (whole, suji and dalia)Cereals and millets2.68 mg
Whole masoor (lentil)Pulses and legumes2.54 mg
Rajma (red kidney beans)Pulses and legumes2.42 mg
Wheat flour (atta and maida)Cereals and millets2.37 mg
04How much you need

Niacin (vitamin B3) requirements for Indians

ICMR-NIN 2020 sets the recommended niacin intake at 18 mg a day for a 65 kg man and 14 mg a day for a 55 kg woman. The estimated average requirements for niacin are 15 mg and 12 mg. Since the body also converts tryptophan from protein into niacin, people who eat enough dal, dairy, eggs or meat get some extra cover.

High-dose niacin supplements, sometimes used for cholesterol, cause flushing and can harm the liver, so they belong only under a doctor's care. Niacin from food carries no such risk.

05Using the table

From a table to a plate

Each figure is niacin per 100 g of the raw food. Meat, fish and peanuts are eaten in amounts close to 100 g at a meal or over a day, so their figures translate fairly directly to the plate. Niacin is quite stable to heat, but some dissolves into cooking water and meat juices, so gravies and dal water keep it. Remember that the table does not count the niacin the body makes from tryptophan.

  • Use peanuts often: in poha, chikki, chutney, sundal and salads.
  • For non-vegetarians, chicken, fish or mutton two or three times a week covers a good share of niacin.
  • Choose whole wheat atta and barley over maida for a little extra niacin.
  • Eat enough protein from dal, curd, paneer and eggs, since the body turns part of it into niacin.
  • Where maize is a staple, combine it with pulses, dairy and peanuts rather than eating it alone.
06Questions

What people ask about niacin (vitamin b3)

Which Indian food has the most niacin?

Peanuts lead IFCT 2017 at 11.35 mg per 100 g, more than any meat or fish. Broiler chicken follows at 8.06 mg, then garden cress seeds at 5.67 mg, milk fish at 5.21 mg and mutton at 5.14 mg.

How much niacin does an adult need?

ICMR-NIN 2020 puts the niacin requirement at 18 mg a day for men and 14 mg for women, with average requirements of 15 mg and 12 mg. Protein foods help, because the body makes some niacin from tryptophan.

What are good vegetarian sources of niacin?

Peanuts at 11.35 mg per 100 g are the best by far. Garden cress seeds give 5.67 mg, mustard seeds 3.8 mg, dried oyster mushroom 3.77 mg and almond 3.71 mg. Barley, maize and whole wheat each carry about 2.7 to 2.8 mg, and rajma 2.42 mg.

What is pellagra?

Pellagra is the disease of severe niacin deficiency. It causes a sun-sensitive skin rash, diarrhoea and confusion, and can be fatal without care. It is rare today and needs medical attention, usually alongside a better diet.

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