Nutrient table · IFCT 2017 · ICMR-NIN 2020
Niacin (vitamin B3) content of Indian foods
Per 100 g, peanuts are the richest niacin source in IFCT 2017 at 11.35 mg, well ahead of broiler chicken at 8.06 mg. Garden cress seeds give 5.67 mg, milk fish 5.21 mg, mutton 5.14 mg and tuna 4.73 mg. For comparison, an adult man needs 18 mg of niacin a day and a woman 14 mg, according to ICMR-NIN 2020.
What niacin (vitamin b3) does, and where Indian diets stand
Niacin, vitamin B3, is part of two coenzymes used in hundreds of reactions that release energy from food and repair cells. The body can also make some niacin from tryptophan, an amino acid found in protein, so a diet with enough protein helps cover the need.
Severe niacin deficiency causes pellagra, remembered by its signs of dermatitis, diarrhoea and dementia. In India it was once seen in parts of the Deccan where jowar was the staple, and among people who lived mainly on maize, whose niacin stays tightly bound unless the grain is treated with lime. Today it appears mainly with heavy alcohol use, very poor diets and some medical conditions.
This table ranks the 242 foods in IFCT 2017 with a niacin value, per 100 g. Peanuts lead the whole list. Poultry, mutton, lamb, pork and fish make up most of the rest, alongside garden cress seeds, mustard seeds, almond and dried oyster mushroom. Among grains, barley, maize and whole wheat carry the most.
All 242 foods ranked by niacin (vitamin b3)
Per 100 g of the edible portion, highest first. The last two columns show the share of an adult's daily need that 100 g covers.
Values per 100 g of the edible portion. Source: Longvah T, Ananthan R, Bhaskarachary K, Venkaiah K. Indian Food Composition Tables 2017. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad. Daily needs: ICMR-NIN 2020 recommended dietary allowances for a 65 kg man and a 55 kg woman doing sedentary work (brief note).
Cite this page
NNWA Nutrition and Wellness Academy. Niacin (vitamin B3) content of Indian foods. Data: Indian Food Composition Tables 2017, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition. https://nnwa.in/foods/nutrients/niacin/
The top vegetarian sources of niacin (vitamin b3)
| Food | Group | Per 100 g |
|---|---|---|
| Peanuts (groundnut) | Nuts and oilseeds | 11.35 mg |
| Garden cress seeds (halim) | Nuts and oilseeds | 5.67 mg |
| Mustard seeds | Nuts and oilseeds | 3.8 mg |
| Oyster mushroom (dried) | Vegetables and mushrooms | 3.77 mg |
| Almond | Nuts and oilseeds | 3.71 mg |
| Pine nuts (chilgoza) | Nuts and oilseeds | 3.52 mg |
| Sesame seeds (til) | Nuts and oilseeds | 3.12 mg |
| Cumin seeds | Spices, herbs and condiments | 2.87 mg |
| Barley | Cereals and millets | 2.84 mg |
| Dried peas | Pulses and legumes | 2.69 mg |
| Maize (corn) | Cereals and millets | 2.69 mg |
| Wheat (whole, suji and dalia) | Cereals and millets | 2.68 mg |
| Whole masoor (lentil) | Pulses and legumes | 2.54 mg |
| Rajma (red kidney beans) | Pulses and legumes | 2.42 mg |
| Wheat flour (atta and maida) | Cereals and millets | 2.37 mg |
Niacin (vitamin B3) requirements for Indians
ICMR-NIN 2020 sets the recommended niacin intake at 18 mg a day for a 65 kg man and 14 mg a day for a 55 kg woman. The estimated average requirements for niacin are 15 mg and 12 mg. Since the body also converts tryptophan from protein into niacin, people who eat enough dal, dairy, eggs or meat get some extra cover.
High-dose niacin supplements, sometimes used for cholesterol, cause flushing and can harm the liver, so they belong only under a doctor's care. Niacin from food carries no such risk.
From a table to a plate
Each figure is niacin per 100 g of the raw food. Meat, fish and peanuts are eaten in amounts close to 100 g at a meal or over a day, so their figures translate fairly directly to the plate. Niacin is quite stable to heat, but some dissolves into cooking water and meat juices, so gravies and dal water keep it. Remember that the table does not count the niacin the body makes from tryptophan.
- Use peanuts often: in poha, chikki, chutney, sundal and salads.
- For non-vegetarians, chicken, fish or mutton two or three times a week covers a good share of niacin.
- Choose whole wheat atta and barley over maida for a little extra niacin.
- Eat enough protein from dal, curd, paneer and eggs, since the body turns part of it into niacin.
- Where maize is a staple, combine it with pulses, dairy and peanuts rather than eating it alone.
What people ask about niacin (vitamin b3)
Which Indian food has the most niacin?
Peanuts lead IFCT 2017 at 11.35 mg per 100 g, more than any meat or fish. Broiler chicken follows at 8.06 mg, then garden cress seeds at 5.67 mg, milk fish at 5.21 mg and mutton at 5.14 mg.
How much niacin does an adult need?
ICMR-NIN 2020 puts the niacin requirement at 18 mg a day for men and 14 mg for women, with average requirements of 15 mg and 12 mg. Protein foods help, because the body makes some niacin from tryptophan.
What are good vegetarian sources of niacin?
Peanuts at 11.35 mg per 100 g are the best by far. Garden cress seeds give 5.67 mg, mustard seeds 3.8 mg, dried oyster mushroom 3.77 mg and almond 3.71 mg. Barley, maize and whole wheat each carry about 2.7 to 2.8 mg, and rajma 2.42 mg.
What is pellagra?
Pellagra is the disease of severe niacin deficiency. It causes a sun-sensitive skin rash, diarrhoea and confusion, and can be fatal without care. It is rare today and needs medical attention, usually alongside a better diet.
Related reading and tables
Vitamin B Complex Tablets: What Is Inside, and Who Needs Them
From the NNWA journal.
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