Nutrient table · IFCT 2017 · ICMR-NIN 2020
Zinc content of Indian foods
Per 100 g, dried oyster mushroom tops IFCT 2017 for zinc at 8.67 mg, with sesame seeds close behind at 8.59 mg, oysters at 7.35 mg and sunflower seeds at 7.07 mg. Cashew gives 5.34 mg, mutton 4.19 mg and soya bean 4.01 mg. The ICMR-NIN 2020 zinc requirement is 17 mg a day for men and 13 mg for women.
What zinc does, and where Indian diets stand
Zinc works quietly inside hundreds of enzymes. It is needed for growth, wound healing, the senses of taste and smell, normal immune function and the making of new cells. That is why young children, pregnant women and teenagers in a growth spurt are the groups most sensitive to a shortfall.
Low zinc intake is common in India, largely because cereal and pulse based diets carry phytate, which binds zinc in the gut. Meals low in meat, seafood and dairy bring less zinc, and less of it in an easily absorbed form. A mild shortfall rarely shows obvious signs, but over time it can slow a child's growth.
This table ranks 243 foods in IFCT 2017 by zinc per 100 g. Oilseeds and nuts dominate, joined by shellfish, mutton and lamb, and pulses such as soya, chana and masoor. Oyster mushroom tops the list in its dried form, which concentrates its zinc well beyond what fresh mushrooms carry.
All 243 foods ranked by zinc
Per 100 g of the edible portion, highest first. The last two columns show the share of an adult's daily need that 100 g covers.
Values per 100 g of the edible portion. Source: Longvah T, Ananthan R, Bhaskarachary K, Venkaiah K. Indian Food Composition Tables 2017. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad. Daily needs: ICMR-NIN 2020 recommended dietary allowances for a 65 kg man and a 55 kg woman doing sedentary work (brief note).
Cite this page
NNWA Nutrition and Wellness Academy. Zinc content of Indian foods. Data: Indian Food Composition Tables 2017, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition. https://nnwa.in/foods/nutrients/zinc/
The top vegetarian sources of zinc
| Food | Group | Per 100 g |
|---|---|---|
| Oyster mushroom (dried) | Vegetables and mushrooms | 8.67 mg |
| Sesame seeds (til) | Nuts and oilseeds | 8.59 mg |
| Sunflower seeds | Nuts and oilseeds | 7.07 mg |
| Poppy seeds | Spices, herbs and condiments | 6.38 mg |
| Ajwain (carom seeds) | Spices, herbs and condiments | 5.67 mg |
| Cashew nut | Nuts and oilseeds | 5.34 mg |
| Niger seeds | Nuts and oilseeds | 4.98 mg |
| Flaxseeds (alsi) | Nuts and oilseeds | 4.86 mg |
| Garden cress seeds (halim) | Nuts and oilseeds | 4.83 mg |
| Cumin seeds | Spices, herbs and condiments | 4.29 mg |
| Pine nuts (chilgoza) | Nuts and oilseeds | 4.18 mg |
| Mustard seeds | Nuts and oilseeds | 4.03 mg |
| Soya bean | Pulses and legumes | 4.01 mg |
| Coriander seeds | Spices, herbs and condiments | 3.91 mg |
| Safflower seeds | Nuts and oilseeds | 3.9 mg |
Zinc requirements for Indians
ICMR-NIN 2020 sets the recommended zinc intake at 17 mg a day for a 65 kg man and 13 mg a day for a 55 kg woman, with estimated average requirements of 14 mg and 11 mg. The zinc figures are set high partly because phytate in Indian cereal and pulse meals cuts how much is absorbed.
Few single foods supply anything close to a day's zinc in a normal portion, so the need is met by small amounts from many foods: grains and dal at every meal, plus seeds, nuts, dairy, eggs or meat. Zinc supplements should be taken only on medical advice, because an excess interferes with copper.
From a table to a plate
The zinc values describe 100 g of raw food. A tablespoon of sesame or sunflower seeds weighs far less than 100 g, so seeds top up zinc rather than supply all of it. Zinc from meat and seafood is absorbed more easily than zinc from grains, pulses and seeds, where phytate holds some back. Soaking, sprouting and fermenting reduce that phytate, so a sprouted moong salad or a fermented batter gives up more of its zinc than the raw figure suggests.
- Soak, sprout or ferment pulses and grains before cooking; this lowers phytate and frees more zinc.
- Sprinkle roasted til or sunflower seeds over poha, upma, salads and raita.
- Choose whole chana, masoor and soya several times a week, since they carry more zinc than most cereals.
- For non-vegetarians, mutton, lamb, eggs and shellfish such as oysters and clams are well-absorbed sources.
- Favour fermented batters such as idli, dosa and dhokla, which carry less phytate than unfermented grain dishes.
What people ask about zinc
Which Indian food has the most zinc?
In IFCT 2017, dried oyster mushroom leads at 8.67 mg per 100 g, then sesame seeds at 8.59 mg, oysters at 7.35 mg and sunflower seeds at 7.07 mg. Among everyday foods, cashew at 5.34 mg, mutton at 4.19 mg and soya bean at 4.01 mg are useful.
How much zinc do adults need per day?
For zinc, ICMR-NIN 2020 recommends 17 mg a day for adult men and 13 mg for adult women, with average requirements of 14 mg and 11 mg. The figures allow for the phytate in typical Indian meals, which lowers absorption.
What are good vegetarian sources of zinc?
Sesame seeds at 8.59 mg per 100 g, sunflower seeds at 7.07 mg, cashew at 5.34 mg and flaxseeds at 4.86 mg lead the plant foods in IFCT 2017. Soya bean, chana and masoor dal each carry between about 3.6 and 4 mg.
Can too much zinc be harmful?
From food, it is very unlikely. High-dose supplements taken for weeks can upset the stomach and interfere with copper absorption. Take zinc tablets only when a doctor advises them.
Related reading and tables
Calories (energy) content of Indian foods
Ranked per 100 g.
Protein content of Indian foods
Ranked per 100 g.
Dietary fibre content of Indian foods
Ranked per 100 g.
Total fat content of Indian foods
Ranked per 100 g.
Carbohydrate content of Indian foods
Ranked per 100 g.
Calcium content of Indian foods
Ranked per 100 g.
Iron content of Indian foods
Ranked per 100 g.
Magnesium content of Indian foods
Ranked per 100 g.
Potassium content of Indian foods
Ranked per 100 g.